紫外分光光度法测定硫酸中的氮氧化物

建立了使用紫外分光光度法测定硫酸中氮氧化物的方法。利用高锰酸钾将试样中的亚硝酸根氧化成硝酸根,然后在硫酸(30%)介质中,于210nm波长处定量测定试样中氮氧化物的含量。方法检出限为0.0000075%,线性相关系数(r)为0.999 0,平均加标回收率为97.2%~102.8%,平均相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.9%~3.1%。方法灵敏度高、检出限低,操作简便、成本低,可应用于蓄电池电解液中氮氧化合物的检测。     

铬铁矿中三氧化二铬测定结果不确定度的评定

讨论了影响铬铁矿中三氧化二铬测定结果不确定度的各种因素,并评定了地质样品中三氧化二铬测定结果的不确定度.结果表明,采用硫酸亚铁铵溶液滴定方法,当样品三氧化二铬的含量为43.78％时,其扩展不确定度U=0.32％.     

Parametric excitation of flexural-gravity edge waves in the fluid beneath an elastic ice sheet with a crack

The properties of elastic-gravity oscillations of deep water beneath a thin elastic plate with a crack are investigated in the paper. The dependence of the reflection and transition coefficients of the waves through the crack on wave frequency and incident angle are found. The shape of the fluid surface deformed by edge waves, propagating along the crack and decreasing exponentially away from the crack, is investigated in the vicinity of the crack. The asymptotic equations describing the parametric excitation of counterpropagating edge waves by flexural-gravity waves which hit the crack at normal incidence are derived.     

Application of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry to Phase Analysis of Gold in Gold Ores

Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ICP-AES/MS) is a potentially powerful tool in chemical phase analysis of gold in batch mode, especially applicable to the low-grade gold ores with gold content of far below detection limit of the other methods, but it has not been used in gold phase analysis of gold ores. In this work, three types of typical gold deposits (altered rock type, quartz vein type, and microscopic disseminated type) and national standard reference materials of gold ores were used to establish and validate a method for gold phase analysis of gold ores using ICP-AES/MS. The optimum conditions of phase analysis were determined, including the sample granularity and preparation procedures, separation absorbent, pretreatment procedures of various phases of gold and optimized instrument parameters. Evaluation of the optimized method showed that this method had acceptable precision (RSD: 1.1%–10.6%) and accuracy (relative error, RE: 0.5%–6.3%), and the detection results of gold in ores were comparable with those obtained using the hydroquinone volumetric method-extraction flame atomic absorption spectrometry (VOL-AAS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) methods. The sum content of gold of the 4 phases (free gold, F_Au; linked gold, L_Au; sulphide-bearing gold, S_Au; and other mineral-bearing gold, A_Au) conformed to the total gold content and was consistent with the results of rock-mineral identification. The proposed method had a low detection limit (0.30 ng g^–1) and wide linear range (5.0 ng mL^–1–20.00 μg mL^–1). It is a simple, rapid, and efficient method for gold phase analysis in batch form.     

香蕉皮对重金属离子铅的吸附性能研究

建立了香蕉皮快速、高效对重金属离子铅吸附性能的方法。采用分光光度法测定重金属离子铅的浓度,分别研究了7种不同形态的吸附剂对废水中重金属离子铅的吸附性能。在优化的实验条件下,重金属离子铅浓度与吸光度的线性相关系数R=0.999 83,且方法相对标准偏差(RSD)低于3%。结果表明,香蕉皮对废水中的重金属离子铅有良好的吸附效果,吸附率达到91.3%。利用香蕉皮去除废水中的重金属离子,可以变废为宝,且方法吸附率高、准确可靠、精密度高,可用于吸附废水中重金属离子铅。     

Second-order terminal sliding mode controller for a class of chaotic systems with unmatched uncertainties

This paper is concerned with the stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear systems. Using second-order sliding mode control approach, a robust control scheme is established to make the states of system to zero or into predictable bounds for matched and unmatched uncertainties, respectively. Meanwhile, the chattering phenomenon is eliminated. A comparative example is given to emphasize the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法/质谱法检测地衣样品中主次微量元素的方法优化

地衣是应用广泛的大气污染生物监测器。电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法/质谱法(ICP-MS/AES)是植物元素定性定量分析的重要和高效的方法。但受严重大气污染影响,我国部分地区的地衣元素水平远高于其他植物,且在空间、时间、物种和元素类别方面存在巨大差异。虽然地衣在大气污染监测方面具有良好的应用前景,但我国地衣元素分析测试方面尚缺乏专门的方法学研究,这限制了大气质量的地衣生物监测在我国的开展。因此,有必要对地衣样品元素含量的ICP-MS/AES法进行优化。以国家一级标准物质GBW10014(圆白菜)、GBW10015(菠菜)、GBW10052(绿茶)和地衣标准物质(IAEA-336)为材料,探讨了地衣样品的不同消解方法、取样量、分析谱线、同位素、内标元素及仪器参数对ICP-MS和ICP-AES结果的影响。确定了适用于大批量地衣元素测试的干法灰化-碱熔ICP-AES和微波消解ICP-MS的优化条件,该优化条件具有线性关系好(r>0.999 0)、检出限低、准确度高和精密度好的特点。以优化后的测试方法测定采自我国太行山区和南极阿德利岛的地衣样品,结果表明太行山地衣体内元素含量远高于南极阿德利岛,大气沉降对太行山地衣元素组成的相对贡献也较大。验证了优化方法的适用性,为京津冀环境治理提供科学数据和技术支持。     

Thermodynamic stability of AuSe at temperature from (400 to 700) K by a solid state galvanic cell

The numerical values on the standard thermodynamic functions of AuSe were determined by the electromotive force (EMF) method in a solid-state galvanic cell with a superionic conductor AgI as the solid electrolyte. According to the experimental data on the EMF vs. temperature, the analytical equations for Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy were obtained for the single stable polymorphic form of AuSe. The temperature-dependent relationships of Gibbs free energy of formation of AuSe and the standard thermodynamic functions of compounds within the temperature range (400 to 700) K were also evaluated. No α–β transformation was identified in the gold saturation and β-form is a metastable modification of AuSe.     

氨水-氯化铵二次沉淀-碘量法快速测定冰铜中铜的含量

基于冰铜基体成分特点,在传统碘量法的基础上,对冰铜样品的前处理方法进行了改进,硝酸-氯酸钾溶解样品除硫,氨水-氯化铵二次沉淀分离铜,一次完成测定,省略了原子吸收光谱法补正的步骤,满足了碘量法快速测定冰铜中铜含量的要求。实验表明,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.61%~1.9%,经国家标准物质验证及分析方法比对,结果准确可靠,精密度和准确度均能满足检测要求。方法简便,快速,大大提高了工作效率。较好地解决了冰铜中铜含量的快速测定,易于推广应用。